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+# Analysis Depth Guide
+
+Move beyond “method A > method B”.
+
+## Four-layer depth ladder
+
+### 1. Observation
+What changed?
+- absolute gap
+- relative gap
+- stability change
+- subgroup pattern
+
+### 2. Interpretation
+What is the most defensible explanation?
+- optimization stability
+- inductive bias match
+- subject/domain shift handling
+- data scarcity sensitivity
+
+### 3. Constraint
+What prevents overclaiming?
+- low sample size
+- only one dataset
+- missing subgroup coverage
+- no robustness sweep
+
+### 4. Decision
+What should happen next?
+- promote into durable result note
+- run an ablation
+- stop an unpromising branch
+- update the active plan
+
+## Good report sentence pattern
+- “We observe X.”
+- “This supports Y because Z evidence is present.”
+- “However, the claim is bounded by A.”
+- “Therefore the next decision is B.”